WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WATER QUALITY AND CONTAMINATION - Lab Report Example Thusly, the significance of directing tests so as to discover what substances debase water and how the defilement happens, is comprehended. In the light of the tests, I was amazed to locate that cleanser sullied the water. I believed that the cleanser would remain in the dirt yet it wound up leaking through the dirt into the water. One of the principle assets on earth is water and each biotic thing on this planet needs water to endure. Water is found beneath the surface, which implies that the water can be effectively sullied. Numerous substances, for example, clothing cleanser, cleanser, manures and pesticides are dumped on the ground every day, and these get abosrobed by the dirt, in this manner debasing new ground water. As these contaminants go through various layers of soil, there solvency just as the debasement caused can change. Different investigations have been directed so as to see how ground water is influenced and one such examination was finished by Muã ±oz-Olivas et al. This examination found that exploration endeavors were significant in managing the â€Å"remediation of filtering waters polluted† and to â€Å"prevent further harm of susrface and ground water reserves† (Muã ±oz-Olivas, Bouaid, Liva, Fernã ¡ndez-Hernando, Tadeo, and Cã ¡mara, 2007). Also, the analyses led by Ã…  uczkiewicz plan to investigate the tainting of grounwater because of â€Å"sewae lsudge land application† (2005, p. 869). The investigation found that the different compound substances that filtered through the dirt, for example, â€Å"nitrate and ammonium† and different metals that had their orgin in sewage slime can arrive at underground â€Å"deeper than 0.8 m,† accordingly tainting â€Å"shallow aquifers† (p. 869). The analyses directed by Lee et al utilized section and pilot scale investigations to uncover that overwhelming metals from surrendered mines likewise tainted groundwater. Be that as it may, by utilizing â€Å"lime as a coagulant,† the researechers had the option to expel â€Å"98%† of

Cognitive Appraisal and/or Personality Traits Free Essays

Recommended APA style reference: Li, M. (2009, March). Subjective examination and additionally character qualities: Enhancing dynamic adapting in two sorts of upsetting circumstances. We will compose a custom paper test on Psychological Appraisal and additionally Personality Traits or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Paper dependent on a program introduced at the American Counseling Association Annual Conference and Exposition, Charlotte, NC. Intellectual Appraisal and additionally Personality Traits: Enhancing Active Coping in Two Types of Stressful Situations Paper dependent on a program introduced at the 2009 American Counseling Association Annual Conference and Exposition, March 22, Charlotte, North Carolina Ming-hui Li Ming-hui Li, EdD, LPC, LMHC, is an associate teacher in the Department of Human Services and Counseling at St. John’s University, Queens, NY. His territories of forte incorporate pressure adapting and flexibility advancement. Undergrads every now and again experience distressing circumstances (Dungan, 2002; Li, 2006). Some undergrads effectively adapt to unpleasant circumstances while others become survivors of the circumstances. The analyst has been keen on investigating factors that lead undergrads to effectively adapt to upsetting circumstances. Upgrading these variables may encourage undergrads to utilize dynamic adapting. The term dynamic adapting in the investigation alludes to people’s adapting reactions that are described by taking care of issues, looking for social help, and non-shirking. The motivation behind this investigation was to investigate powerful indicators of dynamic adapting in two significant kinds of distressing circumstances among undergrads: connection and work. Consequences of this examination may give data to advocates to assist understudies with adjusting better to school life by improving explicit factors in various unpleasant circumstances. Hypothetical Framework Researchers have not agreed on the idea of adapting. For instance, process-arranged specialists (e. g. , Albinson Petrie, 2003; Lazarus Folkman, 1984; Olff, Langeland Gersons, 2005) recommended that psychological evaluation decides the reactions people embrace to adapt to upsetting circumstances. Conversely, diathesis-arranged specialists (e. g. , Abela Skitch, 2007; Li Yuan, 2003; Wagner, Chaney, Hommel, Andrews, Jarvis, 2007) recommended that a match between character qualities and stress types chooses adapting reactions. The current investigation investigated the degree to which a mix of these two hypothetical methodologies can decide school students’ work of dynamic adapting. Procedure arranged analysts (e. g. , Albinson Petrie, 2003; Lazarus Folkman, 1984; Olff, Langeland Gersons, 2005) suggested that adapting is a procedure (rather than a minor quality) where individual components, for example, convictions, and natural elements, for example, oddity, cooperate to influence adapting reactions through psychological evaluation. These specialists contended that character attributes and condition are deficient to decide adapting reactions. Intellectual examination, they accept, is the thing that decides individuals’ adapting reactions. From their point of view, adapting reactions can be chosen simply after people have intellectually thought to be (a) how their lives are impacted by the circumstance and (a) what they can do to manage the circumstance. Conversely, diathesis-situated scientists (e. g. , Abela Skitch, 2007; Li Yuan, 2003; Wagner, Chaney, Hommel, Andrews, Jarvis, 2007) advocate that individuals’ character attributes impact adapting reactions in explicit settings. They contended that character characteristics impact adapting reactions most in upsetting circumstances that are firmly identified with those attributes. For instance, individuals’ self-adequacy (an undertaking related attribute) has incredible effect on their adapting reactions to task-related distressing circumstances, for example, searching for low maintenance work. Interestingly, individuals’ secure connection (a connection related quality) is ground-breaking in impacting adapting reactions to connection related upsetting circumstances, for example, coexisting with new flat mates. The two methodologies have been bolstered by past investigations. In any case, little consideration has been attracted to the chance of joining the two methodologies. The current examination tended to this chance. The examination was meant to investigate the degree to which a blend of these two hypothetical methodologies impacts individuals to effectively adapt to distressing circumstances. Subjective evaluation and three qualities (self-viability, secure connection, and versatility) were remembered for the joined model. As indicated by the procedure arranged methodology, intellectual examination was required to anticipate dynamic adapting over the two upsetting circumstances. In light of the diathesis-arranged methodology, self-viability was required to anticipate dynamic adapting in business related distressing circumstances, for example, searching for low maintenance work; and secure connection was relied upon to foresee dynamic adapting in connection related circumstances, for example, coexisting with new flat mates. Furthermore, the analyst guessed that flexibility can foresee dynamic adapting in both connection related and business related upsetting circumstances since this attribute reflects individuals’ general capacity to direct the negative impacts of pressure (Benetti Kambouropoulos, 2006). Intellectual evaluation, self-viability, secure connection, and strength were applied to foresee dynamic adapting in two sorts of upsetting circumstances (connection, work), so as to identify the adequacy of the consolidated model. The two theories tried in the examination were: Hypothesis 1: In connection related circumstances, secure connection, psychological evaluation, and strength can successfully anticipate dynamic adapting. Theory 2: In business related circumstances, self-viability, subjective examination, and versatility can adequately anticipate dynamic adapting. Strategies Members were 126 understudies enlisted from a school in Taiwan. Their age went from 18 to 23 years of age. The mean age of this example was 19. 6. Members were sorted into two groupsâ€a connection gathering and a work gathering, in view of their self-detailed upsetting circumstances. The quantities of members in gatherings of connection and work were 76 and 50, separately. The scientist managed a poll to members when they were sitting tight for a class. Members marked educated assent shapes before they reacted to the poll. Information was gathered utilizing a poll containing the Resilience Scale (Wagnild Young, 1993), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins, 1996), the Coping Strategy Indicator (Amirkhan, 1990), the Chinese Adaptation of General Self-Efficacy Scale (Zhang Schwarzer, 1995), and classification I (intellectual examination) of the Student-Life Stress Inventory (Gadzella, 1991). The entirety of the instruments have been utilized to contemplate undergrads and have shown sufficient legitimacy (build or simultaneous legitimacy) and unwavering quality (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha range from . 6 to . 93). The entirety of the instruments with the exception of the Chinese adjustment of General Self-Efficacy Scale were deciphered by the analyst from English into Chinese. Two bilingual Psychology teachers and four bilingual doctoral understudies analyzed the deciphered instruments. A bilingual undergrad understudy, who was ignorant concerning the first English instruments, back-made an i nterpretation of the Chinese renditions into English. The first instruments and the back-deciphered instruments were close in importance, showing right language transference. Inward consistency evaluations of dependability (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha) were figured for every one of the instruments utilized in this examination. The qualities for coefficient alpha were . 89, . 90, . 75, . 87, and . 81 for the Student-Life Stress Inventory (SSI), the Resilience Scale (RS), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (AAS-Revised), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS), and the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI), separately. The alpha qualities for the three sub-sizes of the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) were . 86 (critical thinking), . 88 (looking for social-support), and . 68 (evasion). Moreover, the alpha incentive for the classification I (psychological evaluation) of the Student-Life Stress Inventory (Gadzella, 1991) was . 84. The exploration plan of this examination was a correlational structure with four free (indicator) factors and one ward variable. The four free factors were psychological examination, flexibility, secure connection, and self-adequacy. The needy variable was dynamic adapting. This exploration configuration comprised of two separate numerous relapse methodology that were utilized to test the proposed model in two kinds of distressing circumstances. Information Analysis and Results The information were dissected by utilizing SPSS 14. 0. Two systems of different relapse were applied to test the two theories. The progression shrewd strategy was utilized in light of the fact that the accessible writing doesn't give guidance with respect to how the factors in this examination ought to be gone into a numerous relapse condition. By utilizing the progression savvy strategy, the specialist permitted the PC to choose the model with the best factual â€Å"fit. † Correlations among indicator factors and between indicator factors and the needy variable were inspected so as to meet the prerequisites of various relapse. The anomaly was expelled so it didn't affect the exactness of information examination. The model used to screen anomalies were (an) a Cook’s separation more noteworthy than 1, and (b) a normalized leftover more prominent than 3. Speculation 1 was upheld while Hypothesis 2 was not bolstered. Results indicated that (a) psychological evaluation and versatility can anticipate dynamic adapting in upsetting circumstances related with connection, and (b) secure connection can foresee dynamic adapting in business related distressing circumstances. Tables I and II indicated the outcomes. Table I. Outline of Regression Analyses of Resilience, Secure Attachment, and Self-Efficacy Predicting Active Coping in Relation-Related

The Contribution of African American Women Essays -- Reflective Histor

The Contribution of African American Women I am not the first. I am not the primary Black lady to go to a school or college. I am not the principal Black lady to practice her entitlement to cast a ballot. I am not the principal Black lady to dream, to be so confident for positive change that she sees prospects in dreariness. I am not the principal Black lady to know how it feels to be dismissed rather than acknowledged, to be embarrassed rather than acclaimed, to be ignored without sheep blood spread on her entryway. I am not the principal Black lady to encounter America. I remain as a couple of impressions to be made in the ways of the world. Before me lay the tracks of my antecedents; splendid Black ladies who aced the craft of twisting without buckling. They battered down entryways with clench hands of iron and wills b...

E-Health Strategy for Ireland - 275 Words

E-Health Strategy for Ireland (Research Paper Sample) Content: E-HEALTH STRATEGY Student’s Name Course Code and Name Instructor Institution and Location Due Date  E-Health Strategy for Ireland E-Health Introduction and Development Electronic Health also known as e-Health is a system based on information technology to provide information about patients, healthcare providers and other healthcare delivery system information through the internet (Health Information and Quality Authority, 2011, p. 2). With this system, any required information is accessible anywhere making it possible for patients to get medical services easily from anywhere. Like many other developed countries, Ireland has adapted e-Health which has been integrated with the traditional system to facilitate detailed information about healthcare providers and patients’ information for the purposes of efficient and effective service provision, optimum utilization of resources, reforming of the healthcare delivery and financial structures among o ther benefits (An Roinn Slainte Department of Health , 2012, p. 6). The strategy was well planed with clear identification of sources of funds and other resources, as well as proper engagement of potential stakeholders and prioritization of important aspects of the e-Health project. The Benefits of e-Health E-Health is aimed at timely services by ensuring that patients are provided with services at the point of need (Craig, 2015, p. 1). As such, the system makes it convenient for the public to access efficient services anywhere. The system is also transparent and provides safe and high quality healthcare services to the public. E-Health provide multiple benefits not only to the healthcare sector, but opens up opportunities for other sectors including the Information Technology sector by providing job opportunities to different people and improvement of the country’s economy (Reding, 2007, pp. 8-10). By strategically reforming the healthcare delivery policies, Irelandâ €™s citizens can easily access services from other countries that are members of European Union since all the information required is accessible from the healthcare database. Challenges Facing e-Health Due to the changes facilitated by technology, the healthcare delivery system is required to provide services that are relevant and up to date with technology. As such, implementation of the system requires systems that are flexible to technology changes in the future. The traditional healthcare delivery policies of Ireland require adverse changes in order for the new system to be effective (An Roinn Slainte Department of Health , 2012, p. 4). As such, a lot of research and resources is required to make this possible. In addition, demand for complex healthcare services have to be considered for efficient service delivery by the e-Health system and require professionals who can deliver the services through the systems (Passarani, 2013, pp. 3-5). Another challenge is the privacy of patient information available in the system. Without proper control of information, patient confidentiality may be compromised (Liveri, et al., 2015, pp. 23-32).  References An Roinn Slainte Department of Health , 2012. E-Health Strategy for Ireland. European Union E-Health Action Plan 2012-2020, pp. 2-76. Craig, S., 2015. Health Information in Ireland: A Socio-technical Analysis. [Online] Available at: /t4cms/Health-Information-in-Ireland.pdf[Accessed 16 April 20...

How a Steel Mill Works - 1130 Words

How A Steel Mill Works The principal consumables employed in steel production are iron ore, coal, scrap metal and electrical energy. The importance of each of these consumables depends upon the technological processes adopted at each mill. In a classic integrated mill, coal and iron ore are the main consumables. In semi-integrated mills, scrap iron is the mainstay. An integrated mill comprises four basic operations – reduction, refining, solidification, and rolling – to convert iron ore into semi-finished or finished (rolled) steel products. †¢ Reduction The objective is to convert iron ore – naturally occurring in the form of ferrous oxide – into pig iron. In this operation, a coker converts coal into coke that is then†¦show more content†¦Among these are refractories, electrodes, and alloying elements. †¢ Refractories are materials that work as thermal isolators and are used to coat critical steel mill equipment such as blast furnaces, ladles, and converters. Their main function is to protect the equipment from extreme temperatures and to minimize wear and tear. †¢Electrodes constitute an important input in the operation of electric steel mills. †¢ Alloying elements Metals such as zinc, tin, chrome and aluminum are employed in steel alloy production. A steel mill uses industrial gases extensively. In addition to the jet of oxygen-fed converters in integrated mills, oxygen is frequently injected into blast furnaces and electric furnances to improve overall operating conditions. Given the volume of oxygen utilized, steel mills usually house one or more oxygen producing units. This used to be integrated vertically into the steelworks themselves. However, in recent years, initiatives have been widely employed to outsource this operation to specialized companies. There are also non-integrated manufacturers which operate via a single processing phase: reduction or rolling. 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The Stem Field Is No Stranger For Advancement And Innovation

The STEM field is no stranger to advancement and innovation. In a thriving age of technology and science, one could argue that the United States (and many countries throughout the world) have progressed a long way from the outdated technologies that were used in past decades. Yet, despite the vast progress made in the stem fields, the demographics of STEM workers are still highly outdated with its lack of racial and gender diversity. As a result of the growing number of jobs in STEM, organizations such as Black Girls Code are making steps to prepare minorities for these careers. The founder of Black Girls Code, Kimberly Bryant, experienced what she calls â€Å"cultural isolation† during her collegiate years and throughout her career as an electrical engineer. Bryant recalls seeing very few faces like her own and felt that there was a void in the STEM field that needed to be filled by the presence of black women. Bryant acknowledges that the lack of black females in STEM is not due to a lack of interest in the sciences, but is instead due to a lack of resources and lack of exposure provided to black girls during early education. She set out to meet this need and, thus, Black Girls Code was created. Black Girls Code is an organization focused on increasing the number of black girls in the STEM field. They do so by training black girls, ages 7 to 17, in the field of computer science, also known as coding. â€Å"By launching Black Girls Code,† stated Bryant, â€Å" I hope to provide young andShow MoreRelatedBasic Motives Behind Academic And Industrial Science1371 Words   |  6 Pagesfirm assets and increases profit, hence restraining researchers’ choice of projects (Aghion, Dewatripont Stein, 2008). Thus, management plays a vital role in ensuring the success and survival of a business while freedom in academia ensures the advancement of basic research. 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Dragons Essay Example For Students

Dragons Essay How many times during the night do we toss and turn, check the clock, and find it ticking away and tell ourselves, If I could fall asleep right now I would get at least five hours of sleep? But, sleep doesnt come so we continue to toss and turn. This happens to many people and may suffer from a disorder known as insomnia. People who suffer from this disorder have many complaints, and many have similar symptoms. Symptoms can vary from stress to pain to always feeling tired. Insomnia is a very difficult disease to have to live with. It is hard for both those that suffer from it and their family members. According to Linde and Savaleys, The Sleep Book, (1974), the person who has trouble sleeping is not alone (p. 9). They also claim, An estimated thirty million people suffer from chronic insomnia (p.9). Many non-insomniacs have occasional periods when they wonder if theyd make it through a sleepless night. Many insomniacs cant fall asleep because of pain and discomfort. Those that can fall asleep but cant stay asleep might be caused from depression, or too many things to worry about. In Ernest Hartmanns The Sleeping Pill (1978) some causes of insomnia (p. 113). He states that pain and discomfort do indeed play an important part in the difficulty remaining asleep. For those having difficulty remaining asleep might be because of depression or having too much to worry about. In Linde and Savarys, The Sleep Book (1974), Dr. Dale C. Friend claims, insomnia can be classified by four causes: tension, fatigue, discomfort, and in and out insomnia (p. 100). Tension insomnia occurs mostly in executives or people who worry about their businesses. Tension builds up inside during the day and is still inside at bedtime, it wont come out, so they tend to worry and are not able to go tot sleep. Fatigue insomnia happens when people who get tired during the day and then they take a nap in the early afternoon and as a result they cannot go to sleep at bedtime. People suffering from discomfort insomnia often complain of stomach upsets, such as ulcers, toothaches, or arthritis. This causes them to wake up during the night, which gives them discomfort. In and out insomnia occurs when patients feel that they didnt sleep at all during the night when they really did, but only stayed in the first stages of light sleep and woke up frequently throughout the night. Dr. Allan Recht schaffen states in Linde and Savarys The Sleep Book, (1974) Insomniacs spend less time in REM sleep than normal sleepers (p. 110). REM sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep is the final stage of sleep reached in a normal sleep cycle. To better understand this cycle of sleep scientists have used an electroencephalogram to measure brain waves during sleep. A normal sleep cycle consists of five distinct stages with paradoxical, or REM stage being the final stage. REM sleep is what is commonly known as deep sleep. There are many other causes of Insomnia such as the many environmental causes said by Ernest Hartmanns The Sleeping Pill (1978). Hartmann states, any loud noise or sounds that can irritate or aggravate can disrupt a persons sleep (p. 116). When trying to sleep, the littlest things can bother someones sleep whether hearing the bathroom water faucet dripping or even the heater coming on during the night. All these things can keep a person up all night when they are suffering from i nsomnia. He also claims, there is a condition sometimes called habit insomnia (p. 116). Habit insomnia is when something caused the insomnia in the past so when the sufferer associates it into habit. For example, when the see the bed that they have difficulty sleeping on, they condition themselves to think that they cant sleep because of the bed, therefore they dont sleep. In Mendelsons Human Sleep and Its Disorders, (1977) Incidence of insomnia was found by doing a sampling of 1,645 persons and it was found that 14% of those tested had trouble getting to sleep, (Karacan, et. al., 1973). The results tended to be higher for women than men and as age increased. Tiller, studied 83 healthy office patients of 60 years or more and found that 21% of them complained of insomnia at some point (1964). He also states that for the two kinds of insomniacs people under the age of fifty, cant fall asleep and those over fifty had no difficulty falling asleep but cant stay asleep for the duration of the night. In Human Sleep and its Disorders, (1977) McGhie and Russell (1962) questioned 2500 persons in Scotland representing a cross section of the country. They found that women generally sleep less than men. Some of this may be due to the constant hormonal fluctuations females have. In another study Weiss, Kasinoff and Bailey (1962) questioned 100 general medical outpatients, 100 psychiatric clinic out patients and 100 healthy patients all of similar age. The psychiatric group had four times the sleep problems as the healthy people and medical patients. It is also very ironic that married people tend to sleep less than single people. .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd , .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .postImageUrl , .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd , .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:hover , .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:visited , .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:active { border:0!important; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:active , .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec07ba3de369e0123b65eb45cfb3f7fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 19th century EssayThere are many different kinds of treatments for insomnia. Treatments can vary from going to see the doctor, taking sleeping pills or just by doing little things to help ease the mind and body to be able to sleep. In The Sleep Book by Linde and Savary, (1974) she gives us a few rememdies for insomniacs. She gives a list of 22 ways to help insomniacs rest. Some of those include going to bed the same time every night, establishing a routine and ceasing to take afternoon or evening naps. One of the best suggestions is to limit the amount of stimulants you take. Stimulants include anything containing caffeine, such as coffee or sodas. Stimulants, as most peop le know, keep you awake. For insomnia sufferers limiting caffeine intake can be crucial to establishing better sleep. It is best if people go to bed at the same time every night and follow a daily or nightly routine. This helps to condition the body so better sleep habits can be established. Linde stresses the importance of following a daily routine and to discontinue afternoon or evening naps. Following this advice could be all the help a person needs to overcome insomnia. She refers to this as, sleep hygiene (p.106-9). She uses this term in comparison to the way we establish physical hygiene routines such as taking a shower every morning or brushing our teeth before bed. Establishing good sleep hygiene is simply doing the same routine at bedtime every night at about the same time, at least until the insomnia subsides. Ernest Hartmann states, The first step in treating insomnia is careful medical and psychiatric evaluation (p. 123). Specific treatments can be given to insomniacs ac cording to what kind of insomnia they have. Doctors will evaluate and learn what is wrong with these patients and then devise a plan of action to follow. In Ten Steps For Better Sleep (2000), Shauna S. Roberts suggests some more advice for those suffering from insomnia. Avoiding alcohol within several hours of bedtime is important, although many believe alcohol can relax them so they can get to sleep. However, alcohol can actually cause a person to wake during the night more often, or to toss and turn all night. Another important bit of advice she suggests is to avoid exercise at least three hours before bedtime. The reason for this is that when a person exercises, endorphins are released into the blood and can cause a person to be unable to fall asleep for many hours. She also advises people suffering from insomnia to discontinue watching television or reading while in bed. This is important because a person needs to condition their body to associate the bed with sleep, not with te levision or reading. For many an obvious and easy solution for insomnia would be to take sleeping pills. However, most doctors do not suggest this method of treatment unless in extreme cases where a patients overall health is compromised. The reason for this is that the risks associated with addictive medications are more difficult to treat than the insomnia itself. When medication is prescribed, it is often only given for a maximum of four weeks to lessen the chances of dependency (Eddy Walbroehl, 1999). It is known also, that one of the biggest causes of insomnia is depression. The Harvard Health Letter states that a big problem with insomnia is that patients continue striving to treat the insomnia but do nothing to treat the depression. The insomnia may subside for a brief period but will generally return and may be worse than before. If patients seek treatment for their depression first and then work on establishing better sleep habits, then the whole problem of insomnia may co mpletely go away (1998). The difficulty many patients have when dealing with both depression and insomnia is determining which is causing the other. For instance, if a person is suffering from insomnia, the lack of sleep may also cause some feelings of depression. At the same time if a person is suffering from depression they have insomnia as a result of that depression. It is important to seek medical advice when having feelings of worthlessness or overwhelming sadness. Insomnia is not a laughing matter. Many people suffer through a lot of pain and loss of sleep because of this disorder. Family member have to deal with their loved ones being sick. It is said in all the books that I used that more and more each year they are finding more causes of insomnia and more people suffer from it. I have learned from doing this research paper that insomnia really is a difficult disorder to have to live with. By doing this paper I learned more things I never thought I could learn about insomni a. The research that Ive done has opened my eyes on what is wrong and how it can be treated. We need to take care of our bodies, our minds and ourselves. We need to exercise right, at appropriate times, sleep at the right time and never get ourselves so stressed out that we cant sleep at night. Insomnia can affect a person really fast and its hard to get rid of this disorder without a lot of effort. If we follow the advice given here, we will have an easier life. Supernatural Issues Essays